Initiation and evolution of plate tectonics on earth. Convergence data are shown by arrows describing direction and speed, relative to the plate across the boundary. The lithosphere lithosphere is comprised of the upper mantle and the crust, the outer shell of the earth. The earths crust is divided into plates which are moved in various directions. Gather, analyze, and communicate data that explains earths plates, plate motions, and the results of plate motions dok 12 d. In light of this theoretical understanding, i then discuss relevant geological observations, such as plate tectonics indicators and the secular evolution of metamorphism, together with the possibility of intermittent plate tectonics. This new method represents a distinct departure from classical continental drift reconstructions, which are not constrained, due to the lack of plate boundaries. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. This substantially revised edition includes recently published information relating to plate tectonics and continental origin.
Indeed, the notion that the entire earths surface is continually shifting has profoundly changed the way we view our world. Nearly a century ago, in 1912, the german geologist alfred wegener first proposed his theory of continental drift, which states that parts of the earths crust slowly drift atop a liquid core. Crust is continuously being regenerated and removed. Well, i wanted a world that would be possible so i figured out what i needed and built the plate tectonics around that. Plate boundary movements and their results foldable. Any use of this map can be made as long as you credit me eric gaba wikimedia commons user. From wikipedia, the free encyclopedia plate tectonics from greek, tekton. Plate tectonics is the surface manifestation of mantle convection, but the large contrast in viscosities between the lithosphere and the deeper mantle leads to departures from a simple boiling pot. The concept of global plate tectonics is a unifying theme in modern geology that integrates the earlier ideas of continental drift, seafloor spread, and mountain building to explain why the present ocean floor, which covers only 71% of earths surface area, has. The theory has caused a revolution in the way we think about the earth. Since the development of the theory, geologists have had to reexamine almost every aspect of. Earths crust and upper mantle are divided into plates. A plate tectonic model for the paleozoic and mesozoic. Plate tectonics and your community performance task.
Ms word and pdf versions of this document are located at. Tectonic plates arizona geographic alliance school of geographical sciences and urban planning arizona state university cartographer. Plate tectonics, the study of such relative motions and. The most potent geologic forces in landscape formation are explained by the theory of plate tectonics. Scientists found evidence from molten material, magnetic stripes, and drilling samples to back up wegeners theory.
This plate motion causes them to collide, pull apart, or scrape against each other. Create a piece of art model, sculpture, painting, drawing on plate tectonics and include a 5 paragraph explanation of your art. Plate tectonic simulator with earth data as sample draw. Gottesman hall of planet earth and use what they have learned to complete a ccssaligned writing task, creating an illustrated text about how plate tectonics plays a role in specific earth formations. Frank taylor first proposed this idea in 1910, alexander du toit later in 1937, harry hess explored the geomorphology of the seafloor by ship in 1960s.
In the 1960, new technologies such as sonar provided new data that supported wegeners theory of moving plates. Students will read contentrich texts, visit the david s. If nothing else you could use it as a sketching tool for a 3d view of a world and ignore the plate drift parts oh, and load the sample data and watch the last 140ma of earth tectonics. Some of the most dramatic changes in earths crust, such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, happen along plate bounda ries. Check out our image of the presentday plate boundaries.
Turn your folded paper so that the open end of the fold is facing you. Authors personal copy a planetary perspective on earth evolution. The layer below the lithosphere is the asthenosphere. Seismic and tomographic information documents two major ways slabs can break. Indeed, the notion that the entire earths surface is continually shifting has profoundly changed the way we. Seafloor spreading occurs at divergent plate boundaries which subsequently create midocean ridges. Seafloor spreading helps explain continental drift in the theory of plate tectonics. Since the theory of plate tectonics was first introduced, how far has the tectonic plate were standing on moved. Nearly a century ago, in 1912, the german geologist alfred wegener first proposed his theory of continental drift, which states that parts of the earths crust slowly drift atop a. A message with a reply address would also be greatly appreciated. As plates move, the new crust gradually moves away from the ridge. Plates move apart at divergent plate boundaries such as the oceanic. Plates are composed of the crust and a part of the upper mantle, these two parts together are called the lithosphere. Again a deep trench is formed, and a volcanic mountain chain usually forms on the land example.
Continental drift, sea floor spreading and plate tectonics plate tectonics is a theory developed in the late 1960s, to explain how the outer layers of the earth move and deform. For todays lesson, i collected, printed, and attached plate tectonics pictures to the anchor chart so that students can make connections between the pictures and newly learned information. Rocks found on the ocean floor show that molten material hardened quickly, proving that lava does come up through the ocean floor. Notes theory of plate tectonics atlanta public schools. Oman and the himalayas show that collision of two continents results in a complex process of thrusting and deformation and a reduction or cessation of relative convergence between plates. They might want to prepare a powerpoint presentation, a web page, or a threepanel poster display. Plate convergence vectors referenced from united states geological survey. New oceanic crust is formed through magma rising through the gap and cooling. The yellow arrows show which way the plates are moving. Plate movement is driven by convection in earths mantle. The theoretical part ends with a summary of the possibility of plate tectonics in the early earth.
Geomorphology and plate tectonics california state parks ca. Use webbased or other technology tools to show connections and patterns in data about tectonic plate boundaries and earthquakes. According to the theory of plate tectonics, the earths surface is divided into rigid. Plasienka geological institute, slovak academy of sciences, slovakia keywords. By 1968, the concepts of continental drift and seafloor spreading were united to form the theory of plate tectonics. Bring the bottom of your paper up so that it almost meets the top of your page about 1 to 2 cm away from the top. There are three principal types of plate boundary divergent, convergent, and transform. In the 1960s, scientists developed a new theory that combined continental drift and seafloor spreading. Continental drift 1912 alfred wegener meteorologist theory.
Plate tectonics, our major paradigm for how the earth works, was established in the 1960ies following decades of observational research that culminated in key discoveries such as geomagnetic. Sting as the author and distribute the copies and derivative works under the same licenses that the ones stated below. Continental drift, sea floor spreading and plate tectonics. Each type of interaction causes a characteristic set of earth structures or tectonic features. Plate tectonics is a scientific theory describing the largescale motion of seven large plates and. Takehome messages earths geology is dominated by the processes of plate tectonics. Continental drift, paleomagnetism, and plate tectonics. Continental platecontinental plate convergence when two continents collide, neither one will subduct into the mantle. Chapter10 plate tectonics boiling springs high school. The structure of the earth, plate tectonics and landforms. The earth is composed of layers of different composition and physical properties, principally the solid central core, the fluid peripheral core, the viscous mantle, and the solid. To explain the theory of plate tectonics and present the information in a creative format. Plate boundaries are marked by numerous volcanoes and earthquakes. The chapter challenge asks students to think about how they can use the theory of plate tectonics to help middle school students understand scientific theories.
From wikipedia, the free encyclopedia plate tectonics from greek, tekton builder or mason describes the large. A place where folded and thrust faulted mountains form. Later studies by katili 1971 and hamilton 1979 interpreted the evolution of indonesia in terms of plate tectonics. The collision of india with eurasia is an example of continent to continent collision. The pattern of occurrence of these events is one of the key pieces of evidence for plate tectonics. Learn plate tectonics continental drift questions with free interactive flashcards. Plate tectonics pdf ebook plate tectonics read online and download ebook plate tectonics. Plate tectonics the earths crust is divided into 12 major plates which are moved in various directions. Notes on plate tectonics plate tectonics states that the earths crust and upper mantle are broken into sections, called plates.
Download charlotte luongo ebook file free of charge and this book pdf found at saturday 29th of december 2012 03. A large number of new figures have been added, and new sections included on meteorites, seismic tomography, mantle convection, accretionary terranes, mantle sources and evolution, continental growth, secular changes in earth history, also a new chapter on exogenic. The earth is the only planet known to currently have plate tectonics. They move atop the underlying mantle, a really thick layer of hot flowing rock. We now know that, directly or indirectly, plate tectonics influences nearly all geologic processes, past and present. The lithosphere lithosphere is comprised of the upper mantle and the. Together they make up the layer known as the lithosphere. Plate tectonic simulator with earth data as sample. While the earths tectonic plates are in constant motion, the rigid upper layers of. Plate tectonics the tectonic plates of the world were mapped in the second half of the 20th century. In this exercise, the students will examine the pattern of earthquakes and volcanoes at occur in the atlantic ocean. Earths crust and part of the upper mantle are broken into plates, or sections, that move around on a plasticlike layer of the mantle.
Plate tectonics plate tectonics is the unifying theory of geology and revolutionized geology cornerstone of earthsystem approach. The concept of global plate tectonics is a unifying theme in modern geology that integrates the earlier ideas of continental drift, seafloor spread, and mountain building to explain why the present ocean floor, which covers only 71% of earths surface area, has plate tectonics reveals that the lithosphere is divided into eight major pieces plates with several smaller plates fig. Each plate consists of a piece of the earths outer layer, the crust, plus a thin layer of outer mantle that lies beneath it. Description of plates data format for gplates and other users convert. Plate tectonics in this crosssection through the earths crust, tectonic plates are shown pushing together, sliding past one another, sliding one underneath the other or moving apart. Plate tectonics, the study of such relative motions and their consequences, allows relating surface, geological and geophysical structures with quantified movements attributed to deep processes of the earths heat engine. Plate tectonics qfiles the online library of knowledge.
A plate tectonic puzzle introduction the earths crust is not a solid shell. Plate tectonics is a book of exercises and background information that introduces and demonstrates the basics of the subject. Its depth varies from 7080 kilometres 4050 miles below the oceans to 100150 kilometres 6090 miles below the continents. The greatest revolution in 20th century understanding of how our planet works, known as plate tectonics, happened in the 1960s, and has been so profound that it can be likened to the huge advances in physics that followed einsteins theory of relativity. Tectonic plates plate boundary referenced from bird, peter 2003 an updated digital model of plate boundaries. Earth science plate tectonics earth science 4 read and complete the passage with the reference to the appropriate picture. America draw and label an oceanicoceanic boundary draw and label an oceaniccontinental boundary notes.
There were 5 pieces of evidence that lead to this modern. Most of these occur at the diverging plate boundary that. Tectonic plates california institute of technology. Plate boundaries may be in the middle of an ocean basin, around the edges of continents, or even within continents. Subsequently, the caribbean plate moved along major strikeslip faults into a preexistent jurassic proto caribbean basin between north and south america. Plate tectonic simulator with earth data as sample draw your worlds plates and more. Internet archive contributor internet archive language english. Choose from 500 different sets of plate tectonics continental drift questions flashcards on quizlet.
In a lively and lucid manner, it brings together a great deal of material in spherical trigonometry that is necessary to understand plate tectonics and the research literature written about it. What links here related changes upload file special pages permanent link page information wikidata item cite this page. The movements of plates over millions of years resulted in the opening and closure of oceans and the formation and disassembly of continents. It is made up of thick, interconnecting pieces called tectonic plates that fit together like a puzzle. The plates are mobile, moving in constant, slow motion measured in rates of centimeters per year. Piper geomagnetism laboratory, geology and geophysics, school of environmental sciences, university of liverpool, liverpool l69 7ze, uk.
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