Sponges are members of the phylum porifera, which contains the simplest. Some form crusts, some are simple tubes, some are vase shape while others can be cup shaped, massive clumps, fan shaped, finger like bulges, treelike or even bushy. All the species of this phylum are grouped into three classes depending mainly on the nature of the skeleton. Support for the soft structures of the sponge body is. In all sponge types, the body is designed to facilitate feeding. Porifera sponges no symmetry no tissue organization, different cells perform different functions saclike bodies hole in the top leading to open body cavity filter feeders water flows in through pores. Animals included in phylum porifera are parazoans because they do not show the formation of true tissues except in class hexactinellida. They are multicellular organisms that have bodies full of pores and channels allowing water to circulate through them, consisting of jellylike mesohyl sandwiched between two thin layers of cells. Sponges sponges are considered the oldest animal group.
Next phylum in the classification of the animal kingdom is phylum porifera. Water enters through minute pores ostia in the body wall into. Phylum cnidaria hollow body cavity for food tube feet or. Sponges are characterized by the possession of a feeding system unique among animals. They vary in size from less than a centimeter to a mass that can fill your arm. The invertebrates, or invertebrata, are animals that do not contain bony structures, such as the cranium and vertebrae. Animal phyla are classified according to certain criteria, including the type of coelom, symmetry, body plan, and presence of segmentation. They have no circulatory system or body cavity coelom. Members of phylum porifera are commonly known as sponges. They are generally marine and mostly asymmetrical animals figure 4. Porifera, cnidaria, platyhelminthes, mollusca objectives to understand the basic differences among the invertebrate animal phyla to investigate and learn the obvious external and internal characteristics of sponges, anemones and jellies, flatworms and molluscs. Sponges have multiple cell types that are geared toward executing various metabolic functions. Water is pulled into the pores and canals by the beating of the flagella of choanocytes.
The phylum porifera consists only of sponges, which is. They have cellular level of organization and cellaggregated body plan. Phylum porifera pori pores, fera bearers are popularly known as sponges. Water enters this cavity through the pores and exits by a large vent. The canal syytem mainky comprise of incurrent and excurrent canals which are lined with pinacocytes. The animals of this phylum have tiny pores in their body walls, and this characteristic feature is the basis of the name of this phylum. Question bank for neet biology kingdom animalia phylum. Pdf the porifera are a wellcharacterised group of aquatic, predominantly marine animals including about 5000 described species. They all are marine, shallow and coastal water species. Phylum porifera is classified into three classes on the basis of skeleton or spicules they possess class. General characteristic features of phylum porifera online. A sponges body is covered by a skin, one cell thick.
These organisms show very simple organization, with a rudimentary endoskeleton. The simplest of all the invertebrates are the parazoans, which include only the phylum porifera. Porifera is a latin word pore porous and ferra bear used for a group of animals having a lot of minute pores, through which water enter, circulate and leave the body. They are found in shallow ocean environments to depths as great as five kilometers km. Kingdom animalia notes on the 9 phyla animals are multicellular eukaryotes, cells lack cell walls. Although the majority of sponges are marine, some species live in freshwater lakes and streams. Phylum porifera characteristics, types, functions and. Most are asymmetrical not regularly shaped, though a few form radially symmetrical shapes which means they can be divided into similar halves if cut at any angle along a central axis, like a pie. Presence or absence of a cavity between the body wall and the gut wall is very important in classification. Phylum porifera objective type questions pdf download. Porifera, cnidaria, ctenophora, platyhelminthes, rotifera, annelida objectives. Parazoans beside animals do not display tissuelevel organization, although they do have specialized cells that perform specific functions.
Porifera characteristics characteristics of phylum porifera. Characteristics of phylum porifera sponges have a variety of shapes. References textbook pages 520521, lab manual pages 160162. Their body is asymmetrical or radially symmetrical. Body shape is variable, mostly cylinder shaped symmetry.
Porifera have no real body layers but they do have 2 cell layers. There are following characteristics of the phylum porifera. The whole body consists of a group of well differentiated cells. They are asymmetrical, some are radially symmetrical. Arthropods are jointlegged animals and you must have come across a few of these animals. Body is vase shaped and comparatively simple in structure. They are aquatic generally marine few species are found in freshwater. These are multicellular organisms which are sessilesedentary in nature.
Phylum porifera the shape of life the story of the. The body cavity, which is lined by mesoderm is called coelom. Some prominent ones include insects, spiders, ants, bees, crabs, shrimps, millipedes, centipedes etc. These are primitive multicellular animals and have cellular level of organisation. The cells in the outer layers can move inward and change function. May 29, 2017 surface of the body has numerous perforation called ostia for the entry of water and a large pore at the apex called osculum for the exit of water. Porifera includes very primitive multicellular animals having only the cellular level of body organization with no tissues and organs. Cnidaria hydras, jellyfish, sea anemones, corals hollow gut with a single opening tentacles with stingers. Dec 10, 2017 body of sponge has a large spacious cavity called spongocoel or paragastric cavity which opens through osculum at the top. Be able to distinguish radial symmetry from bilateral symmetry. Phylum porifera mcq multiple choice question and answer phylum porifera mcq with detailed explanation for interview, entrance and competitive exams. Phylum porifera sponges there are more than 5,000 species of sponges and they come in all shapes and sizes. Mar 11, 2016 presence or absence of a cavity between the body wall and the gut wall is very important in classification. Call for applications for a research fellowship in the fklo of video imagery analyses for the characterization of deepsea biodiversity and biotopes in the azores.
In a simple sponge, the pores lead into a central body cavity filled with water. Phylum porifera no true tissues no germ layers no body cavity no body symmetry simplest form of animal, mostly marine. The approximately 5,000 living sponge species are classified in the phylum porifera, which is composed of three distinct groups, the hexactinellida glass sponges, the demospongia, and the calcarea calcareous sponges. They have the characteristic canal system for the flow of water through the body. Do organisms in the porifera phylum have body cavities. They are multicellular but dont have tissues or organs the name porifera means pore bearer in latin a pore is a tiny hole. The central body cavity is lined with collar cells called choanocytes. Porifera use canals and pores diffusion to perform life functions.
Download objective type questions of phylum porifera pdf visit our pdf store. Compressed polygonal cells called pinacocytes make up the pinacoderm, the external sac layer. The most simplistic form, known as asconoid, have only a single internal chamber, called. Clark 3 between these two layers gelatinous material mesenchyme is there. General characteristic features of phylum porifera. May 07, 2012 open body cavity filter feeders water flows in through pores in body wall and out through top hole both sexual and asexual reproducti on sessile doesnt move, but larvae do move sponges. Body wall contains numerous pores called ostia through which water enters in the body through a canal system into the central body cavity, called spongocoel. Most of them are marine while a few are fresh water forms. The sponges body is similar to a perforated sac and the inner wall is composed of flagellated cells called choanocytes or collar cells. This skin has lots of small pores and a few large openings. Makalah porifera pdf looking for documents about makalah porifera. The representatives of phylum porifera are also known as sponges.
There is an endoskeleton present with calcareous spicules calcium carbonate or siliceous spicules silica or sponging fibres protein. Department of zoology at andczoology museummuseum specimens. Porifera porifera body a porifera phylum porifera grant, porifera. Biodiversity and biogeography of deepsea benthic communities in the azores. Basic anatomy sponges contain no organs or even tissue. They are the simplest porebearing and primitive multicellular organisms. Phylum porifera the shape of life the story of the animal. Either calcareous spicules calcium carbonate or siliceous spicules silica or sponging fibers protein. Chapter 8 phylum porifera to protect the rights of the authors and publisher we inform you that this pdf is an uncorrected proof for internal business use only by the authors, editors. Porifera have specialized cells called choanocytes collar cells. The body structure of sponges is designed in such a way that water moves through the body, where it can filter out food and also absorb the dissolved oxygen, along with eliminating waste material.
The water moves into the spongocoel and is eventually forced out through the osculum. Scientifically speaking, they all come under the animal kingdom under phylum arthropoda the success of the arthropods can mainly be attributed to the presence of. There are about 5,000 living species of sponges included in this phylum porifera. Their bodies do not show any symmetry and their shape is adapted so as to allow maximum efficiency of water flow through the central cavity that is present inside. Sponges are simple invertebrate animals that live in aquatic habitats. The small openings are the entrances to a complex system of channels.
The beating of the internal flagella produces water currents. Porifera are most commonly asymmetrical but can also have radial symmetry. Look in the micro poirfera slide of leucosolenia body and its spicules porifera. The pores are tiny, but the vent can be easily seen in a living sponge. The most simplistic form, known as asconoid, have only a. Animals possessing coelom are called coelomates, e. Organisms belonging to this phylum do not have specialised digestive, nervous or circulatory system. Porifera are the group of animals commonly know as sponges and come in one of three different body plans. Be able to identify which of the phyla represented here exhibit radial or bilateral symmetry, the presence or absence of different tissues, and diploblastic versus triploblastic organization.
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